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Time is now a dimension that in terms of relativity proceeds at a ''clock's pace'' depending on one's perspective (e.g. position within the universe relative to other locations and conditions)

See figures and text in Creator's Window Chapter IX

Scientific evidence of a creation event increases throughout the 20th century (see accounts by Heeren, Ross, Schroeder, et al. [see book titles])

Genesis

Big Bang

'beginning'

Dimensions 'initiated'

Biblical paradigm of a beginning is scientifically correct.

Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

No other ancient ''creation text'' fits modern scientific evidence as does the Hebrew text.

For another well reasoned perspective on time and the physics and astronomy describing the beginning of the universe see: Dr. Hugh Ross in his books entitled: The Genesis Question, Creation and Time, and (Fingerprint of God)

Earth fully formed 4.5 BYA

First signs of life 3.8 BYA

First single cell fossils 3.2 BYA

Science based comparisons see Table 4

Simple globular life forms 650 MYA

Sponge fossils 580 MYA

3
Cambrian Explosion and the Appearance of Life

Cambrian explosion 530 MYA

Science based comparisons see Table 4

Science based comparisons see Table 4

Total 24 hour days: 6

Total years: about 15.75 billion

a) land animals come forth
b) Adam and Eve created
c) man is set as steward of all living things on earth
d) man made in God's image
e) God's blessing for all life to multiply and for man to have dominion over all life upon earth
f) man is to be sustained by eating of fruit (herb, vegetable) and animal (meat)

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Click this button for a pop-up frame with a Historical view based on Hebrew Scriptures
Starting here with ADAM & EVE

See Table 4, entitled: Comparison of Major Genesis Day Events as Appears in the Hebrew Text of Genesis One and as Observed by Drs. Ross and Schroeder

Note that Dr Ross has considered that Day Seven includes events following creation of Adam and Eve, while Dr. Schroeder considers how Day Six includes current history and Day Seven is yet to come. See Table 4 for details.

Genesis 2: 1 - 3 (See Table 4 for biblical text)

Psalm 90:4 For a thousand years in Your sight Are like yesterday when it is past, And like a watch in the night.

The initial six days referred to on the left are essentially 24 hour days from the perspective of one at the point of creation (think of this as the 'center' of the universe). These days contain all the ages of the universe because and this is the result of the continual expansion of space. Elsewhere within the expanding universe one experiences the result of the dilation of time and this results in the 15 billion years indicated in the chart. Time not dilating at the 'center' might be a minute, but elsewhere as space expands and time is dilating with expansion... this same minute could be centuries, millennia, longer eras of time. After Adam and Eve appear, time takes an earthly perspective giving us the calendar years common to our planet and these are the years referred to on the right side of the chart above.

From Genesis One, DR G. Schroeder with Zola Levitt [copies of this booklet are available from: ZOLA, P.O. Box 12268, Dallas, TX 75225]

Schroeder proposes that as the Sixth Creation Day nears to a close the creation of Adam and Eve locks in the 24 hour time frame for the remaining days referred to in the biblical text.

Adam and Eve are made unique and distinct from all other hominid species in that these individuals are recipients of God's breath (Hebrew: neshama; giving us the soul of man) and thus a unique spiritual awareness.

Edenic Covenant
(See Table 2 )

Genesis 3:15

see Fruchtenbaum, Messianic Christology

Adamic Covenant
(See Table 2)

Noahic Covenant
(See Table 2)

Genesis 6:1-8:19; 9:1-17

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Concerning Noah and Starting Over Again

First year of Jewish calendar 3760 BCE. (G)

First date in Mayan chronology is 3372 BCE. (G)

Egypt introduces calendar of 365 days 2772 BCE. (G)

Cheops Pyramid conforms in layout and dimensions to astronomical measurements. (G)

Genesis 11:1-9

Egyptians discover use of papyrus. (G)

Bow and arrow used in warfare. (G)

Abrahamic Covenant
(See Table 2)

2100 BCE

Genesis 12:1-3; 15:18

Promise (4th Dispensation) Genesis 12:1-Exodus 18:27)

(by comparison, other sources list date at 1976 BCE)

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Abraham and the Land

Babylonia uses highly developed geometry as basis for astronomic measurements; knows signs of the zodiac. (G)

Decimal system used on Crete. (G)

Genesis 22 - See types and shadows discussion of this event in Creator's Window Chapter 16

(by comparison other sources list date at 1926 BCE)

1876 BCE

Genesis 46

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Jacob

Mosaic Covenant
(See Table 2)

1440s BCE
Exodus 19:1-31:18; 19:25

Beginning of true Iron Age in Syria and Palestine. (G)

Palestinic Covenant
(See Table 2)
Deuteronomy 30:1-10

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Quest of the Land

1105 BCE
1 Samuel 1:1-23

Classic paganism in Greece (1000 to 900 BCE) (G)

Pantheistic religion develops in India. (G)

Davidic Covenant
(See Table 2)
(1010 - 970 BCE)

2 Samuel 7:16

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David

David returns Ark of Covenant to Jerusalem, plans first Temple, erects alter of sacrifice on Mt. Moriah, and builds City of David south of Temple Mount.

h2.1
From David to Temple

950 BCE

Enlarges city of Jerusalem, builds First Temple and Palace (1 Kings 5-9, 2 Chronicles 2)

h2.2
Solomon and Israels' Kingdoms

910 BCE

Kingdom divided into 10 northern tribes (Israel) and 2 southern tribes (Judah).

Pharaoh Shishak (identity possibly Ramses III) plunders temple content (1 Kings 14:25-28, 2 Chronicles 12:1-11)

around 722 BCE

2 Kings 17:6, 23-25

Thales of Miletus, Greek philosopher (624 to 545 BCE)(G)

Anaximander of Miletus, Greek philosopher (611 to 546 BCE)(G)

Lao-tse, Chinese philosopher (b. 604 BCE)(G)

Daniel's writings and many of the Hebrew Scriptures put in writing. (G)

605 BCE (IP) - Invades Jerusalem, burns city, Temple is destroyed, and contents taken to Babylon.
(2 Kings 24-25,
2 Chronicles 36)

597 BCE - second invasion and all remaining Temple treasures removed to Babylon. (IP)

586 BCE - final invasion and total destruction of Temple and palaces as predicted by Ezekiel (9:1-8). (IP)

Kung Fu-tse (Confucius) Chinese philosopher (551 to 479 BCE)(G)

Anaximander (d. 546) taught that all life develops from amphibians. (G)

Siddhartha, founder of Buddhism (550 to 480 BCE)(G)

Greek philosophers adopt theory of earth as a disk covered by dome of sky, or as floating free in spherical sky (G)

539 - 330 BCE

538 BCE - Cyrus permits about 50,000 Jews to return to Jerusalem under leadership of Zerubbabel. (IP)

Hippocrates, Greek physician, ''Father of Medicine,'' b. 460 BCE (G)

Socrates, Atenian philosopher (470 to 399 BCE)(G)

Carrier pigeons used in Greece. (G)

444 BCE

Nehamiah 2:1-8

See Creator's Window Chapter 15

Plato (427 to 347 BCE)(G)

Aristotle, Greek philosopher (384 to 322 BCE) (G)

Use of catapults as weapons of war. (G)

Aristotle teacher to Alexander the Great (343 BCE) (G)

Euclid: ''Elements'' (standard work on geometry - 323 BCE) (G)

330 - 63 BCE Initially with Alexander the Great followed by Ptolemies and Seleucids.

Alexander's power described by Daniel (9:24-27; as described in Creator's Window Chapter 15)

Eratosthenes of Cyrene, Greek scientist (276 to 194) (G)...suggests that the earth moves around the sun.

Great wall of China (215 BCE) (G)

Use of gears leads to invention of ox-driven water wheel for irrigation (c. 200 BCE) (G)

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Water and Agriculture

Writing of ''Septuagint,'' Greek version of Tanach (i.e., Old Testament)
(c. 255 BCE) (G)

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Hebrew Scholars Make the Translation

175 - 164 BCE

Antiochus desecrates Temple, sacrifices a sow (unacceptable sacrifice), and plunders Temple treasuries.

168 BCE; See Creator's Window Chapter 15

Book of Macabees describes conflict with Antiochus and eventual return of temple to Israel

Fulfills Daniel 8:14 (temple cleansed after a period of 2,300 days) The beginning of Hanukah (see timeline Table)

141 BCE Macabees conquer Roman fortress and free Temple from foreign presence.

h2.3
Between the Books
Following the Messianic Seed

63 BCE to early 300s CE

63 BCE - Pompey tears away veil of separation and marches into the Temple's Holy of Holies. (IP)

40 BCE

- 23 BCE Proposes Temple Mount be enlarged (IP)

- 19 BCE Temple rebuilt and enlarged (IP)

See evidences noted in Talmud article

69 CE - Nero sends Vespasian and Roman Legion to retake all areas but Jerusalem. (IP)

70 CE Under Titus the city and Temple are destroyed. (IP)

One of earliest churches erected at Corinth (c. 40 CE) (G)

London founded (43 CE) (G)

70 CE (See Table 2)
Hebrews 8:8 (fulfillment of Jeremiah 31:31)

J31
New Covenant Foretold in Tanach

70 CE Temple destroyed (fulfills: Daniel 9:26; Matthew 24:2)

117 CE - Roman emperor Publius Aelius Hadrian rules - during his time he gives permission to the Jews to rebuild the Temple but no progress ever made. (IP)

132 CE Simion bar Kosiba (Bar Kokhba) - heralded as Messiah - lead Jewish revolt and loss to Romans (IP)

Dispersal from Israel (Jews enter Diaspora and Messianic believers, composed of both Jewish and Gentile believers, take Messiah's message to the world at large)

ekklesia {ek-klay-see'-ah} - the Greek term used for early community gatherings of believers ... this term is the root for 'church' and for this time line should not be mistaken with any specific denomination. The early church is thus only gatherings of believers focusing on Messiah's teachings.

The definition for ekklesia according to Strong is: ''a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public place, an assembly.''

30 CE

The seven church ages are described in the ''new covenant'' [writings first mentioned in the book of Jeremiah 31:31]. This Jewish Brit Chadashah, or New Testament, ends with the book commonly called Revelation... the seven church age descriptions are based on the text of Revelation. See sources cited at the right for a detailed consideration of this material.

Ephesus (30 - 100 )
Apostolic Church

See Fruchtenbaum's Chapter 3 in Footsteps of Messiah for further details on the seven church ages. Each church age is reflected in Revelation chapters 2 and 3. Another easy reading description is provided by H. Lindsey in his early chapters of There's a New World Coming. The prophetic implication of each church age, as reflected by Lindsey, is quoted along with each age listed below.

Commendation given concerning this church and the related church age: ''...commended for condemninng false teachers...'' and ''...comended for hating the work of the Nicolaitians...''
''In church history there is no record or mention of this group, so clues as to its identity need to be sought elsewhere. The meaning of the word [i.e., Nicolaitians] in Greek is ''rulers of the people.'' This meaning may imply that this was an attempted to divide and make a distinction between the clergy and the laity, creating a division in which the clergy exercised rulership over the laity.''

Condemnation given: ''They have lost their first love, referring to love of Messiah [Jesus or Yeshua] and love of the Word [Scriptures]. The second generation of believers have grown lax and have become colde. They did not have the fervor of the firstt generation...''

(Quotations from Fruchtenbaum)

Concerning the long range implications of this church age:

''The Ephesian church is a prophetic picture of the Apostolic church. Like the church at Ephesus, the dominant historical characters of this era were correct doctrine, circumspect conduct, and zealous labor for the Lord, but waywardness in heart attitudes.

As their love for Messiah began to wane they more and more served out of a sense of duty. In their own estimation, their acceptance by the Lord depended on their performance for Him. This opened the door to legalism.

One of the crucial issues for a vital faith is pure motives. As we remember how Messiah has loved us, our natural response is to love Him in return (see 1 John 4:9,10).'' (Quotations from Lindsey)